Spread Of Rust And TheDisease Cycle
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Spread of rust and the disease cycle
| Urediniospores of the soybean rust fungus are transported long distances by air currents. |
Spores of the soybean rust pathogen are transported readily by air currents and can be carried hundreds of miles in a few days. Weather conditions will determine when and where the spores travel from south to north.
Rust spores, called urediniospores, are able to penetrate the plant cells directly, rather than through natural openings or through wounds in the leaf tissue. Thus infection is relatively quick: about 9 to 10 days from initial infection to the next cycle of spore production.
Rust is a multi-cyclic disease. After the initial infection is established, the infection site can produce spores for 10 to 14 days. Abundant spore production occurs during wet leaf periods (in the form of rain or dew) of at least 8 hours and moderate temperatures of 60 to 80° F.
Soybean rust has a wide host range
Phakopsora pachyrhizi has a wide host range, which is unusual for a rust pathogen. A “host” is a plant on which the rust fungus can survive. At least 89 different plants can host the fungus. The common weed kudzu is the host of greatest concern because it is so widespread in the southern U.S. The full impact of soybean rust will probably first be known when the kudzu acreage is fully infected with Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Other common hosts are yellow sweet clover, vetch, lupine, green and kidney bean, lima bean, and butter bean.
The name Asian soybean rust is used to distinguish the soybean rust disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi from a mild form of soybean rust, Phakopsora meibomiae , which is endemic to the Caribbean region.
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